進(jìn)口離心管道泵(美國進(jìn)口)
進(jìn)口離心管道泵工作原理:
作圓周運(yùn)動的物體受到離心力的作用,如果向心力不足或失去向心力,物體由于慣性就會沿圓周的切線方向飛出,形成所謂的離心運(yùn)動,管道離心泵就是利用這種慣性離心運(yùn)動而進(jìn)行工作的。
給水排水工程中常用的單級管道離心泵的基本構(gòu)造示意圖。它主要的工作部件是葉輪1、蝸形泵殼2和帶動葉輪旋轉(zhuǎn)的泵軸3。蝸形泵殼的吸水口與水泵的吸水管4相連,出水口與水泵的壓水管7相連。具有彎曲形葉片的葉輪安裝在固定不動的泵殼內(nèi),葉輪的進(jìn)口與水泵吸水管道相通。在開始抽水前,泵內(nèi)和吸水管中先充滿水。當(dāng)動力機(jī)通過泵軸帶動葉輪高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時,葉輪中的水隨著葉輪一起高速旋轉(zhuǎn),由于水的內(nèi)聚力和葉片與水之間的摩擦力不足以形成維持水流作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動的向心力,葉輪中水流逐漸向葉輪外緣流去,被甩出葉輪進(jìn)人泵殼,再經(jīng)擴(kuò)散錐管流人水泵的壓水管,由壓水管道輸送到管網(wǎng)中去。與此同時,葉輪中心處由于水被甩出而形成真空,吸水池水面作用著大氣壓強(qiáng),吸水管中的水在此壓差的作用下,沿吸水管*地流入葉輪,葉輪的連續(xù)旋轉(zhuǎn),水被不斷地甩出和吸入,就形成了離心泵的連續(xù)輸水。
管道離心泵的工作過程,實(shí)際上是一個能量傳遞和轉(zhuǎn)換的過程。它把動力機(jī)的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為被輸送流體的動能和壓能。在這個能量的傳遞和轉(zhuǎn)換過程中,必然伴隨著諸多的能量損失,這種損失越大,工作效率越低,該泵的性能就越差。
進(jìn)口離心管道泵泵殼功能:
管道離心泵的泵殼是包容和輸送液體的蝸殼形。它由泵蓋和蝸形體組成。泵蓋為泵的吸入室,其作用是將吸水管中的水以小的損失均勻地引向葉輪。按結(jié)構(gòu)吸入室可分為直錐形吸人室、環(huán)形吸人室和半螺旋形吸人室。蝸形體由蝸室和擴(kuò)散錐管組成。蝸室的主要作用是匯集葉輪甩出的水流并借助其過水?dāng)嗝娴牟粩嘣龃髞肀3治伿抑兴魉俣葹橐怀?shù),以減少水頭損失。水由蝸室排出后,經(jīng)擴(kuò)散錐管流人壓力管。擴(kuò)散錐管的作用是降低水流的速度,把水流的部分動能轉(zhuǎn)換為壓能。
泵殼的進(jìn)、出水接管法蘭處各有一鉆孔,用以安裝量測泵進(jìn)口和出口壓力的真空表和壓力表。泵殼頂部設(shè)有灌水(或抽氣)孔,以便在水泵啟動前用來充水或抽走泵殼內(nèi)空氣。泵殼底部設(shè)有放水孔,用以停泵后放空泵內(nèi)積水,防止冬季結(jié)凍。泵殼底部設(shè)有與基礎(chǔ)固定用的螺栓孔。除固定水泵的螺栓孔外,其他螺孔在水泵運(yùn)行中暫時不用時,需用帶螺紋的絲堵堵住。
在上述零件中,管道離心泵葉輪和泵軸是立式離心泵的轉(zhuǎn)動部件,泵殼是固定部件。這兩者之間有三個交接處:泵軸與泵殼之間的軸封裝置、葉輪與泵殼內(nèi)壁接縫處的減漏環(huán)、泵軸與泵座之間轉(zhuǎn)動連接處的軸承。
(美國ARCADIA阿卡迪亞)
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